Programming Language Courses Online

About

This is the first Ada tutorial covering the Ada 2005 and 2012 standards. If you are a beginner you will learn the latest standard — if you are a seasoned Ada user you can see what's new. Current Development Stage for Ada Programming is " (Feb 26, 2012)". At this date, there are more than 200 pages in this course, which makes Ada Programming one of the largest programming wikibooks. Ada is a programming language suitable for all development needs. It has built-in features that directly support structured, object-oriented, generic, distributed and concurrent programming. Ada is a good choice for Rapid Application Development, Extreme Programming (XP), and Free Software development. Ada is named after Augusta Ada King-Noel, Countess of Lovelace.

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In general terms, Data Mining comprises techniques and algorithms for determining interesting patterns from large datasets. There are currently hundreds of algorithms that perform tasks such as frequent pattern mining, clustering, and classification, among others. Understanding how these algorithms work and how to use them effectively is a continuous challenge faced by data mining analysts, researchers, and practitioners, in particular because the algorithm behavior and patterns it provides may change significantly as a function of its parameters. In practice, most of the data mining literature is too abstract regarding the actual use of the algorithms and parameter tuning is usually a frustrating task. On the other hand, there is a large number of implementations available, such as those in the R project, but their documentation focus mainly on implementation details without providing a good discussion about parameter-related trade-offs associated with each of them. This course aims to fill this gap by integrating three pieces of information for each technique: description and rationale, implementation details, and use cases. The description and rationale of each technique provide the necessary background for understanding the implementation and applying it to real scenarios. The implementation details not only expose the algorithm design, but also explain its parameters in the light of the rationale provided previously. Finally, the use cases provide an experience of the algorithms use on synthetic and real datasets. The choice of the R project as the computational platform associated with This course stems from its popularity (and thus critical mass), ease of programming, good performance, and an increasing use in several fields, such as bioinformatics and finance.

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eXtensible Markup Language (XML) is a widely used computer language for creating and designing pages on the World Wide Web, and for defining other languages with more specialized purposes. This course provides a detailed description of XML, its origins, its programming, and its uses on the Internet today. This course also provides exercises with which to test the knowledge you have gained through the deliberate study of its contents. If you wish to participate in the writing or editing of XML - Managing Data Exchange, or if you have an idea as to how This course can be improved, please see the "to-do" list. You may also add your name to the list of contributors. Preface

About

Haskell is a functional programming language. It is distinct in a few ways: Haskell is enjoyable to use because dealing with pure functions makes code much easier to reason about, and the advanced type system helps catch silly and profound mistakes. Our aim in This course is to introduce you to the Haskell programming language — from the very basics to advanced features — and to computer programming in general. We urge seasoned programmers to be especially patient with this process. The languages you are familiar with are likely to differ greatly from Haskell, and the habits acquired from those languages might make it difficult to understand how things work — Haskell is simple, but different. Learning to see the world through the warped mindset of a functional programmer is an adventure in a brave new world, which brings knowledge valuable far beyond the boundaries of any language. the course is divided into three sections: a Beginner's Track, an Advanced Track, and a section called Haskell in Practice. The last section, which covers practical use cases, depends only on the Beginner's Track. Seasoned programmers may read the overview to quickly evaluate what makes Haskell unique and different from other languages. You may search the course here:

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Microsoft QuickBasic and QBasic (Quick Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) are very popular programming languages for beginners. While its lack of power makes it unsuitable for many of today's applications, it is an invaluable learning tool. This course will cover the usage of QBasic and most of its functions. While most of the text discussed will work under QBasic, that version of the Basic interpreter has limitations and certain advanced commands will only work under QuickBasic. One of the best Qbasic IDEs (Integrated Development Environment) is QB64. There are certain functions that work only in QB64. View This course in full book view. Authors

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The Parrot Virtual Machine is a runtime engine for use with dynamic programming languages such as Perl, Python, Ruby and PHP. While originally designed for use with version 6 of the Perl programming language, it has expanded to a general-purpose dynamic virtual machine to host multiple high-level languages. Parrot has been designed, in part, for ease of use by programmers and language designers. A series of tools called the Parrot Compiler Tools (PCT) have been designed that facilitate the creation of new languages for Parrot. These tools aide in creating new dynamic programming languages or implementing old languages on Parrot. This course is going to introduce the reader to the Parrot Virtual Machine and the Parrot programming environment. We will discuss the creation of programs in the PIR and PASM languages and we will also discuss how to create new languages that compile to the Parrot platform. We will also talk about Parrot itself, and introduce the reader to Parrot's internals, which are released under an open source license and can be modified by able volunteers.

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BASIC was developed in 1963 at Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire as a teaching language. The acronym BASIC stands for Beginner's All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. In 1964, John G. Kemeny and Thomas E. Kurtz designed the original BASIC language at Dartmouth College in New Hampshire. Anybody can write a program. A background in mathematics or science is not required. Patience, practice, and an interest in the subject matter should suffice, along with the required software and hardware. Understanding programs can appear daunting at first, but their reliance on logical operations allow for easy learning of commands which you will commonly see in many programs. A program itself is merely a series of commands in the order in which they are to be executed. That is to say, that the first line is the beginning of the program! All programs a user uses from day to day, including browsers (Internet Explorer, Firefox, etc.) and operating systems (Windows, Linux and Mac OS, etc) are separate sets of lines of code, which aim to fulfill tasks. the amount of code is dependent on how simple the task generally, and different types of code may be used for the advantages they give. BASIC is considered an excellent starting point for moving onto other languages, and can be useful for simple programs.

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Clojure is a dynamic programming language for the JVM. People come to Clojure from a variety of backgrounds. The purpose of This course is to help everyone get the most out of the Clojure language. It is not meant as a replacement for the documentation, found at the Clojure site. Please do not copy material from there to here! Feel free to post your own code, written in the Clojure language, here. However, please do not post excerpts, patches or other modifications or derivations of the Clojure source itself, as the license of this Wiki is incompatible with the Clojure license. Instead, post such things to the Clojure discussion group. There are a number of different implementations of the Clojure language: Some answers to Frequently Asked Questions. The Getting started section covers obtaining and installing Clojure as well as basic setup of editors such as Emacs or Vim.

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Ruby is an interpreted, object-oriented programming language. Its creator, Yukihiro Matsumoto, a.k.a “Matz”, released it to the public in 1995. Its history is covered here. Its many features are listed here. the course is currently broken down into several sections and is intended to be read sequentially. Getting started will show how to install and get started with Ruby in your environment. Basic Ruby demonstrates the main features of the language syntax. The Ruby language section is organized like a reference to the language. Available modules covers some of the standard library. Intermediate Ruby covers a selection of slightly more advanced topics. Each section is designed to be self contained. See also some rdoc documentation on the various keywords. This is a list of classes that are available to you by default in Ruby. They are pre-defined in “core.” These are parts of Ruby that you have available (in the standard library, or via installation as a gem). To use them you typically have to require some filename, for example require 'tracer' would make accessible to you the Tracer class.

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This course covers the Z80 processor's version of TI-BASIC. TI-BASIC is a simple programming language used on Texas Instruments (TI) graphing calculators. The language is quite simple, and integrates many normal graphing calculator commands (such as storing variables or graphing) into its code. TI-BASIC is very easy to program, especially when compared to assembly, which is the other main language that can be used to program TI graphing calculators. Also, programs written in TI-BASIC can have small file sizes, since common functions can be programmed with just one character (1-2 bytes), such as If or Menu(. However, this makes execution of TI-BASIC programs very slow, since each line of code must be read and parsed before execution. Despite the crawling speed of TI-BASIC, it's appropriate for many simple programs. There are two main versions of TI-BASIC in use today: Please note that within these two versions of TI-BASIC, there are slight variations. This table of contents arranges the sections in the best order possible for those who are trying to learn the language. However, if you are already familiar with TI-BASIC, you may decide to skip certain sections.

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This course is meant to be a practical guide to help educators of all type (teachers, trainers) bring their public in using wikis and wiki-like tools for their learning activities, through the use of customized wiki-based learning scenarios, for their socio-professional development. The handbook has been developed in the context of the WikiSkills European project, which aims to apply the benefits of wikis to promote educational lifelong learning opportunities. It has been further refined during the Wikinomics European Project, meant to improve, reuse and disseminate Wikiskills results, with a focus on the area of economy and employment This course is structured in several parts. The last part of the course is a toolkit of useful resources, i.e. the technical environment proposed within the WikiSkills project, links and readings of interest for readers aiming to get a deeper understanding of the use of wikis in education, guidelines for teachers, educational videos, key competencies table, collaborative badges, and a FAQ. The FAQ addresses questions that end-users may have depending on his/her daily context. The FAQ aims at answering on the how-to’s and also at removing fears and obstacles that users may have when they are in situation of managing change for/via wiki solutions within their organization, network or daily life. it intends to provide resources for trainers to offer to the consideration of the final trainer when facing his students.

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This course covers assembly language programming for the x86 family of microprocessors. The objective is to teach how to program in x86 assembly, as well as the history and basic architecture of x86 processor family. When referring to x86 we address the complete range of x86-based processors (since the original Intel 8086 in 1978). This includes: Throughout the course these terms may be used interchangeably when appropriate. A special notice will be given when covering 16-bit, 32-bit or 64-bit architectures and on any limitations to limit confusion.

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Welcome to the XQuery Examples Collection Wikibook! XQuery is a World Wide Web Consortium recommendation for selecting data from documents and databases. There is a Github project to track issues with This course and collaborate amongst eXist db folk at least to bring this resource up-to-date. Main tasks in the current refurbishment are to: Recent Changes You may search the course here: This is a collaborative project and we encourage everyone who is using XQuery to contribute their XQuery examples. All example programs must conform to the creative-commons-2.5 share-alike with attribution license agreement [1]. Execution of examples use an eXist demo server. Common tasks in using XQuery with XML

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This course describes how to program the X Window System, a server application for Unix-like operating systems that lays ground for displaying graphics and gathering user input. the course assumes some basic knowledge on how to use a computer, how to set up and use The X Window System, how to use a compiler, and how to write a program in the C programming language.

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This course is about assembly language programming for the Fujitsu BS2000 Mainframe and the IBM 360, 370, ESA/390, 93xx and z/System family of mainframe computers. The same assembly language was also used on the Univac 90/60, 90/70, and 90/80 mainframes. The machines generally provided upward compatibility for user programs (a program such as a payroll program written for MVS on a 24-bit 360 in the 1960 or early 1970s, will run unmodified on 31-bit VS/1 in the 1980s. While a later program (say an accounts payable application) written for 31-bit VS/1 in the 1980s wouldn't run on a 360 if it used 31-bit operations, both programs will run unmodified under z/OS on a 64-bit z/System in 2015.) The term "360" will be used to refer to an instruction which works on all of these models, while the other designations - System/370, S/370, 370; ESA/390, 390; z/System, Z - will be used to refer to features available only in later models of this processor type. This course will attempt to teach how to program in 360 assembly, the history of the processor family, and the basic architecture of 360 and later processor systems.

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This course is a guide to the 6502 Assembly language. This course will teach the different memory addressing modes and instructions of the 8-bit 6502 processor. You might want to learn 6502 assembly language programming if you want to do Atari 2600/8-bit family/5200/7800 Programming, Commodore PET/VIC/64/128 Programming, Acorn 8 Bit Programming, Apple I/II Programming, NES Programming or Super NES Programming. Syntax will vary between assemblers - This course will use the following syntax throughout: 16-bit values are stored in memory in little-endian, so the least significant byte is stored before the most significant. E.g. if address $0000 contains $FF and address $0001 contains $00, reading a two-byte value from $0000 will result in $00FF. Signed integers are in two's complement and can represent values from -128 (%11111111) to +127 (%01111111). Bit 7 is set if the integer is negative. The 6502's program counter is 16 bits wide, so up to 2^16 (65536) bytes of memory are addressable. Certain regions of memory are reserved for particular purposes:

About

D is very similar to languages like C++ and Java. Therefore, if you have experience with those languages, you can probably pick up D by simply reading the D Transition Guide. This course will be a guide to people starting to program using the D programming language. It is intended for a range of audiences, from people new to programming to the seasoned programmer. the course has been arranged so that you can follow the suggested chapter order, which will lead you through the concepts such that you can use them before finishing the course. Alternatively, you can select the chapters as you see fit, skipping over some things that you might already be familiar with. This course does not include a comprehensive introduction to programming as there are many sources for that already, though it does have a refresher on the topic. The content of This course is based on the use of the Phobos standard library which comes with the DigitalMars dmd compiler. Before contributing, please read the Style Guide.

About

This course is for a semi-knowledgeable UNIX user who has just come up against a problem and has been advised to use awk to solve it. There are the following major versions of awk: Both nawk and gawk will run awk programs without modification. Getting AWK: If you are on Linux or macOS, you already have AWK. For MS Windows, a version of GNU awk is available from ezwinports, GnuWin32 project, and Cygwin. Awk reads from a file or from its standard input, and outputs to its standard output. You will generally want to redirect that into a file, but that is not done in these examples just because it takes up space. awk does not get along with non-text files, like executables and FrameMaker files. If you need to edit those, use a binary editor like hexl-mode in emacs. A frustrating thing about trying to learn awk is getting your program past the shell's parser. The proper way is to use single quotes around the program, like so:

About

Currently this course provides an introductory level knowledge of Bash. Go to External Programs, External links and Using man, info and help for further directions and inspirations. Bash is a "Unix shell": a command line interface for interacting with the operating system. It is widely available, being the default shell on many GNU/Linux distributions and on Mac OSX, with ports existing for many other systems. It was created in the late 1980s by a programmer named Brian Fox, working for the Free Software Foundation. It was intended as a free software alternative to the Bourne shell (in fact, its name is an acronym for Bourne Again SHell), and it incorporates all features of that shell, as well as new features such as integer arithmetic and job control[1]. In addition to the interactive mode, where the user types one command at a time, with immediate execution and feedback, Bash (like many other shells) also has the ability to run an entire script of commands, known as a "Bash shell script" (or "Bash script" or "shell script" or just "script"). A script might contain just a very simple list of commands — or even just a single command — or it might contain functions, loops, conditional constructs, and all the other hallmarks of imperative programming. In effect, a Bash shell script is a computer program written in the Bash programming language. Shell scripting is the art of creating and maintaining such scripts.

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C shell is a Unix shell created in 1979 by Bill Joy soon after the Bourne shell was released in 1977. Although the latter went on to be the standard shell for Unix, C shell is still popular in BSD distributions. C shell's scripting syntax is modeled after the C language in some aspects. Small programs can be created by writing scripts using the C shell syntax. The Bourne shell is also an option to create Unix scripts but if you are reading This course you probably decided the C shell fits your requirements better. Deciding to use a Unix script at all means that the requirements of the program are rather simple, such as automating the usage of either standard or custom Unix tools. Complex logic or speed sensitive functions should be written in a more appropriate language as custom tools. Nowadays, tcsh, a compatible descendant of C shell, is more commonly used. This course will cover both versions. This section is about learning basic C shell to create small useful scripts. Useful for programmers of any level.

About

CCAPS, or Carefully-Controlled Alternative PHP Syntax, is a web template system alternative to template engines such as Smarty and CakePHP. CCAPS, pronounced Cee-Caps, is what PHP web developers can use to separate XHTML source from programming logic, yet glue the two together nicely without introducing spaghetti code. Many developers prefer it to engines such as Smarty because: PHP already has an Alternative PHP Syntax, but what CCAPS does are the following guidelines: ...whereas the Display method automatically assumes vMain.php is in a subfolder called "views". ...which would cause the word 'ERRORMSG' to appear on the page. The fix is this: Most PHP installations already support CCAPS and do not require additional libraries to be installed.

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If you are a beginner, please consider Programming Mac OS X with Cocoa for Beginners Cocoa is the name Apple Computer uses for their extended implementation of the OpenStep specification, first created by NeXT for their OPENSTEP operating system. It provides a useful set of tools to help developers create programs and user interfaces within Mac OS X. There are three implementations of the OpenStep specification, the one originally provided with the OPENSTEP operating system, but the most common ones today are the one provided by Apple, and the other by GNUstep, a free software implementation of OpenStep. If you don't have access to an Apple Macintosh, and you would like to learn how to use the OPENSTEP frameworks, then running GNUstep is worth a consideration (and should be sufficient to let you experience the power of the OPENSTEP frameworks). If you are using an Apple Macintosh computer running Mac OS 10.2 or later (the latest version of Mac OS X is recommended) then you can find all the tools needed to develop Cocoa programs on the last software install CD. The tools are also available from Apple's Developer's Website. In order to download them, you need to create a free account and login. You can also find them in the "Installers" folder of your "Applications" folder (they could be outdated, make sure you run software update after the installation). The two programs you will use most extensively are Xcode (known as Project Builder in versions before 10.3) and Interface Builder.

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CORBA stands for Common Object Request Broker Architecture. The original idea was to create a single universal standard for how objects across different platforms, programming languages, and network protocols can communicate with each other in a seamless manner. For example, an application developed on say a Sun Workstation running Unix under the programming language C needs to communicate by virtue of some well defined standard interface (the accepted contract) to an Intel-based PC running Windows 2000 developed under Pascal. Without such a standard both sides need to negotiate all the details including the transport protocols. The CORBA standard defines general interface standards that can be supported by different programming languages. It also defines the quality and robustness of the communication, error handling, and recovery. The standard does not cover implementation details, but only specifies the general interface language (IDL) used across all supported languages, exception handling specification, a special transport protocol called IOP that sits on top of TCP/IP, as well as the specific programming language mappings. Using the IDL, an implementation for the specific platform-dependent object is generated which can be compiled using the supported language. This course has been written by:

About

This course is designed to cover a variety of separate topics that a genealogist should be familiar with as a means to document the stories and store related images about their family tree. This course is not written to show a genealogist how to prepare and present their GEDCOM information, rather to supplement this information in a way that will be valuable to future generations. This process will work on non-PC computers. HTML files are specific Internet-based files that the browsers were created to read. The folders, filenames, and image types are all the same from machine to machine. The only variation here will be what program you use to edit the HTML (.htm or .html) files. On a PC, I use and recommend Notepad which is included with Microsoft Windows. After saying all this, This course is not designed to teach HTML, but to teach those pieces of Internet-design that will be useful to a genealogist preparing to document their family history on the Internet.

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Every process in Unix has an address space that looks like this: Remember the low memory is at the top, and the high memory is at the bottom. So when items are added to the stack, and it grows upwards, each element has a lower memory address. You should know what this does: The call to fork creates a new process with an entire new address space. That means a copy is made of everything: new global vars, new text code, new heap, and new stack. Even object dynamically allocated with malloc are copied. Remember that the pointers to those dynamically-allocated objects are set based on relative addressing, so even the new copied memory is allocated somewhere else, the pointers into the heap still work. The four most popular UNIX process states are ready, waiting, running, and zombie. The first three are easy. Zombie processes are child processes that have completed and are waiting for their parents to clean them up. Usually parents clean up completed (zombie) child processes by calling wait or waitpid. If the parent process dies before the child process finishes, eventually the root process will come around and clean them up.

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FORA Description FORA is a dynamically typed, functional programming language. It provides many of the benefits of high-level dynamic languages like Python or R, including: FORA code executes as quickly as code written in statically typed, like Java (compiled to bytecode and run on a Virtual Machine) or compiled languages like C++. FORA achieves these speedups by employing dynamic optimization techniques. FORA runs all new code in an interpreter, collecting statistics about the types and values of the objects it’s manipulating. A separate thread determines which code is “hot,” attempts to generate strongly-typed code equivalent to the dynamically typed code, and then produces optimized machine code.

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Go from Scratch An introduction to Google's open source Go programming language that does not require experience with another programming language (C, Java, etc.) Contributing to Go From Scratch - Current plans and areas in need. Assumptions - What you should know going into this course. Existing Resources - Official and unofficial documentation for reference. What You'll Need - What tools to use to proceed with learning Go. The Origin of Go - Whodunit, and why they done it. The Language - In broad strokes. Compared To... - Go vs. other languages. The Flow of Go - The basics; how programs are arranged.

About

C++ is a general-purpose programming language as an extension of the C programming language, or "C with Classes". The language has expanded significantly over time, and modern C++ now has object-oriented, generic, and functional features in addition to facilities for low-level memory manipulation. It is almost always implemented as a compiled language, and many vendors provide C++ compilers, including the Free Software Foundation, LLVM, Microsoft, Intel, Oracle, and IBM, so it is available on many platforms.

C++ was designed with a bias toward system programming and embedded, resource-constrained software and large systems, with performance, efficiency, and flexibility of use as its design highlights. C++ has also been found useful in many other contexts, with key strengths being software infrastructure and resource-constrained applications, including desktop applications, video games, servers (e.g. e-commerce, Web search, or SQL servers), and performance-critical applications (e.g. telephone switches or space probes).

Content

• Language

  • Object storage

    • Static storage duration objects

    • Thread storage duration objects

    • Automatic storage duration objects

    • Dynamic storage duration objects

  • Templates

  • Objects

    • Encapsulation

    • Inheritance

  • Operators and operator overloading

  • Polymorphism

    • Static polymorphism

    • Dynamic polymorphism

      • Inheritance

      • Virtual member functions

  • Lambda expressions

  • Exception handling

• Standard library

• C++ Core Guidelines

About

This course covers assembly language programming for the Zilog Z80 family of microprocessors. The Zilog Z80 is an 8-bit processor that was used in a wide range of personal computers, and continues to be used in embedded devices to this day. Notable uses include: The Sharp MZ and X1 series also used Z80-compatible processors. A related processor was used in the production of the Nintendo Game Boy and Game Boy Color.

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Agena is an interpreted procedural programming language.

Agena is a new easy-to-learn procedural programming language suited to be used in scientific, mathematical, scripting, networking, and many other applications. Binaries are available for Solaris, Windows, Linux, OS/2, Mac OS X, Raspberry Pi and DOS.

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Разработка GUI приложений для FreeBasic

The given library will allow to develop programs with inherent ease in free and pleasant programming language Freebasic. Working with this library, you can always use both the built in functions of language, and API Windows functions or other foreign libraries. At the moment in library already more than 600 functions, very much reminding functions of language PureBasic. The library has convenient enough information and examples from a chm for understanding work on functions. Developers: Stanislav Budinov and D.J.Peters. Library is licensed under: zlib License